IN BRIEF:

Early Signaling Events in Mechanosensing

Nancy R. Hofmann

Plant Cell 2009 21: 2191. First Published on August 4, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.109.210810

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The Jasmonate Receptor: Protein Modeling and Photoaffinity Labeling Reveal That the CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 Protein Binds Jasmonoyl-Isoleucine and Coronatine

Jennifer Mach

Plant Cell 2009 21: 2192. First Published on August 28, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.109.210811

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On the Origin of Cortical Microtubules

Kathleen L. Farquharson

Plant Cell 2009 21: 2193. First Published on August 25, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.109.210812

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REVIEW ARTICLES:

Association Mapping: Critical Considerations Shift from Genotyping to Experimental Design

Sean Myles, Jason Peiffer, Patrick J. Brown, Elhan S. Ersoz, Zhiwu Zhang, Denise E. Costich, and Edward S. Buckler

Plant Cell 2009 21: 2194-2202. First Published on August 4, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.109.068437

[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

RESEARCH ARTICLES:

Transcript Profiling Provides Evidence of Functional Divergence and Expression Networks among Ribosomal Protein Gene Paralogs in Brassica napus Carrie A. Whittle and Joan E. Krochko Plant Cell 2009 21: 2203-2219. First Published on August 25, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.109.068411 In this work, transcript analysis demonstrates that ribosomal protein gene paralogs are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and that expression networks have developed among genes from distinct families. This suggests that ribosomal protein genes are not merely housekeeping genes, but rather are intricately correlated with tissue differentiation and plant development. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE

The Arabidopsis CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 Protein Is a Jasmonate Receptor

Jianbin Yan, Chi Zhang, Min Gu, Zhiyan Bai, Weiguo Zhang, Tiancong Qi, Zhiwei Cheng, Wen Peng, Haibin Luo, Fajun Nan, Zhao Wang, and Daoxin Xie

Plant Cell 2009 21: 2220-2236. First Published on August 28, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.109.065730

The jasmonates are plant hormones indispensable in plant defense and development. This work shows that Arabidopsis CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 directly binds jasmonoyl-isoleucine and coronatine and thus is a jasmonate receptor, thereby clarifying a long-standing problem concerning the mechanism of JA perception.

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The Mediator Complex Subunit PFT1 Is a Key Regulator of Jasmonate-Dependent Defense in Arabidopsis

Brendan N. Kidd, Cameron I. Edgar, Krish K. Kumar, Elizabeth A. Aitken, Peer M. Schenk, John M. Manners, and Kemal Kazan

Plant Cell 2009 21: 2237-2252. First Published on August 11, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.109.066910

We present evidence that PFT1, a subunit of a large transcriptional complex called Mediator, regulates responses to the plant hormone jasmonate. We show that a reduction in jasmonate responses in the pft1 mutant results in susceptibility and resistance to different fungal pathogens. This work identifies a critical control point for jasmonate signaling within the transcriptional machinery itself.

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Abscisic Acid Represses Growth of the Arabidopsis Embryonic Axis after Germination by Enhancing Auxin Signaling

Christophe Belin, Christian Megies, Eva Hauserová, and Luis Lopez-Molina

Plant Cell 2009 21: 2253-2268. First Published on August 7, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.109.067702

This work describes the result of a screen to identify abscisic acid-insensitive mutants and further reveals a link between the abscisic acid-dependent repression of embryonic axis elongation that occurs after seed germination and auxin signaling.

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Differential Recruitment of WOX Transcription Factors for Lateral Development and Organ Fusion in Petunia and Arabidopsis

Michiel Vandenbussche, Anneke Horstman, Jan Zethof, Ronald Koes, Anneke S. Rijpkema, and Tom Gerats

Plant Cell 2009 21: 2269-2283. First Published on August 28, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.109.065862

This report finds that a petunia WOX homeodomain gene is required for petal fusion as well as for the lateral growth of leaves and carpel fusion and shows that a partly comparable function is redundantly encoded by WOX1 and PRS in Arabidopsis. Combined with previous reports, this work identifies the WOX family as an attractive subject for evo-devo studies of plant lateral organ development.

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SUMO E3 Ligase HIGH PLOIDY2 Regulates Endocycle Onset and Meristem Maintenance in Arabidopsis Takashi Ishida, Sumire Fujiwara, Kenji Miura, Nicola Stacey, Mika Yoshimura, Katja Schneider, Sumiko Adachi, Kazunori Minamisawa, Masaaki Umeda, and Keiko Sugimoto Plant Cell 2009 21: 2284-2297. First Published on August 7, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.109.068072 This study establishes that a SUMO E3 ligase, HIGH PLOIDY2 (HPY2), functions as a repressor of endocycle onset in Arabidopsis meristems. HPY2 is predominantly expressed in proliferating cells of root meristems and acts downstream of known meristem patterning transcription factors. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE

Arabidopsis Cortical Microtubules Are Initiated along, as Well as Branching from, Existing Microtubules

Jordi Chan, Adrian Sambade, Grant Calder, and Clive Lloyd

Plant Cell 2009 21: 2298-2306. First Published on August 25, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.109.069716

Microtubules are thought to originate from existing microtubules as branches, but here it is shown that new microtubules can arise along the mother microtubule, elongating towards its fast-growing end, forming immediate bundles. New microtubules also arise at microtubule cross-over points.

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The Trihelix Transcription Factor GTL1 Regulates Ploidy-Dependent Cell Growth in the Arabidopsis Trichome Christian Breuer, Ayako Kawamura, Takanari Ichikawa, Rumi Tominaga-Wada, Takuji Wada, Youichi Kondou, Shu Muto, Minami Matsui, and Keiko Sugimoto Plant Cell 2009 21: 2307-2322. First Published on August 28, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.109.068387 This work identifies an Arabidopsis mutant with enlarged trichomes but regular trichome branching. The underlying gene is found to encode a trihelix transcription factor that inhibits ploidy-dependent cell growth during trichome development. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE

MATE Transporters Facilitate Vacuolar Uptake of Epicatechin 3'-O-Glucoside for Proanthocyanidin Biosynthesis in Medicago truncatula and Arabidopsis

Jian Zhao and Richard A. Dixon

Plant Cell 2009 21: 2323-2340. First Published on August 14, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.109.067819

Heterologous expression of Arabidopsis MYB transcription factor TT2 in Medicago truncatula hairy roots induces proanthocyanidin (PA) accumulation and uptake of epicatechin 3'-O-glucoside (E3'G) into the vacuole via the MATE1 transporter. Mt MATE1 is functionally orthologous to At TT12, and the lack of E3'G uptake for PA biosynthesis explains the transparent testa phenotypes of the tt12 and mate1 mutants.

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Ca²⁺ Regulates Reactive Oxygen Species Production and pH during Mechanosensing in Arabidopsis Roots

Gabriele B. Monshausen, Tatiana N. Bibikova, Manfred H. Weisenseel, and Simon Gilroy

Plant Cell 2009 21: 2341-2356. First Published on August 4, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.109.068395

This work monitors the initial cellular events triggered by mechanical stimulation of the Arabidopsis root and reports that distinct mechanical stresses elicit cytosolic Ca²⁺ elevations with stimulus-specific signatures. These Ca²⁺ increases then trigger transient changes in pH and extracellular reactive oxygen species, the kinetics of which closely mimic the Ca²⁺ signature.

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Phospholipase D1 and Phosphatidic Acid Regulate NADPH Oxidase Activity and Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in ABA-Mediated Stomatal Closure in Arabidopsis Yanyan Zhang, Huiying Zhu, Qun Zhang, Maoyin Li, Min Yan, Rong Wang, Liling Wang, Ruth Welti, Wenhua Zhang, and Xuemin Wang Plant Cell 2009 21: 2357-2377. First Published on August 18, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.108.062992 This study demonstrates that phospholipase D1 and its product, phosphatidic acid, establish a link among various components of the abscisic acid signaling network in Arabidopsis guard cells. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE

Biochemical Insights on Degradation of Arabidopsis DELLA Proteins Gained From a Cell-Free Assay System

Feng Wang, Danmeng Zhu, Xi Huang, Shuang Li, Yinan Gong, Qinfang Yao, Xiangdong Fu, Liu-Min Fan, and Xing Wang Deng

Plant Cell 2009 21: 2378-2390. First Published on August 28, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.108.065433

DELLA proteins are degraded to trigger the plant's responses to gibberellic acid. In this work, DELLA protein degradation is successfully reconstituted in an Arabidopsis cell-free system, uncovering the biochemical requirements of DELLA stability regulation and structure-function relationships of DELLA proteins.

[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data][Supplemental Data]

Defining the Far-Red Limit of Photosystem II in Spinach

Anders Thapper, Fikret Mamedov, Fredrik Mokvist, Leif Hammarström, and Stenbjörn Styring

Plant Cell 2009 21: 2391-2401. First Published on August 21, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.108.064154

This work finds that photosystem II electron transfer and oxygen evolution can be driven by far-red photons up to 800 nm, showing that the action spectrum of photosystem II is wider than has been thought previously and that photosystem II operates at wavelengths even beyond those that have been considered to be able to drive only photosystem I reactions.

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Arabidopsis STN7 Kinase Provides a Link between Short- and Long-Term Photosynthetic Acclimation

Paolo Pesaresi, Alexander Hertle, Mathias Pribil, Tatjana Kleine, Raik Wagner, Henning Strissel, Anna Ihnatowicz, Vera Bonardi, Michael Scharfenberg, Anja Schneider, Thomas Pfannschmidt, and Dario Leister

Plant Cell 2009 21: 2402-2423. First Published on August 25, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.108.064964

The authors characterize the role of the STN7 kinase in the regulatory coupling of short- and long-term photosynthetic acclimation in Arabidopsis. The data suggest that the STN7 kinase is positioned at the beginning of a phosphorylation cascade that communicates the photosynthetic needs to the chloroplast and nuclear genomes, resulting in the expression regulation of a distinct set of genes.

[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]

Biochemical and Structural Studies of the Large Ycf4-Photosystem I Assembly Complex of the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Shin-ichiro Ozawa, Jon Nield, Akihiro Terao, Einar J. Stauber, Michael Hippler, Hiroyuki Koike, Jean-David Rochaix, and Yuichiro Takahashi

Plant Cell 2009 21: 2424-2442. First Published on August 21, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.108.063313

This work contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of photosystem I complex assembly through purification and biochemical characterization of a large complex containing chloroplast-encoded Ycf4 protein. Ycf4 is essential for photosystem I assembly, and the Ycf4-complex acts as a scaffold for the assembly by interacting with newly synthesized photosystem I polypeptides.

[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]

Starch Granule Initiation in Arabidopsis Requires the Presence of Either Class IV or Class III Starch Synthases

Nicolas Szydlowski, Paula Ragel, Sandy Raynaud, M. Mercedes Lucas, Isaac Roldán, Manuel Montero, Francisco José Muñoz, Miroslav Ovecka, Abdellatif Bahaji, Véronique Planchot, Javier Pozueta-Romero, Christophe D'Hulst, and Ángel Mérida

Plant Cell 2009 21: 2443-2457. First Published on August 7, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.109.066522

The mechanisms underlying the initiation process of a new starch granule remain unknown. This work shows that starch synthase Class IV is necessary and sufficient to initiate the starch granule and to determine the correct number of starch granules per chloroplast, but this function can be partially substituted by starch synthase Class III.

[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]

Proteolysis of a Negative Regulator of Innate Immunity Is Dependent on Resistance Genes in Tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana and Induced by Multiple Bacterial Effectors Yao Luo, Katherine S. Caldwell, Tadeusz Wroblewski, Michael E. Wright, and Richard W. Michelmore Plant Cell 2009 21: 2458-2472. First Published on August 11, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.107.056044 This study reveals overlap between two well-studied pathways for response to pathogen effectors, one previously studied in Arabidopsis and the other in tomato. Several bacterial virulence proteins, including AvrPto, elicit the degradation of RPM1-interacting protein 4, a key protein involved in disease resistance signaling in Arabidopsis, through an endogenous proteolytic pathway. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE

A Serine Carboxypeptidase-Like Acyltransferase Is Required for Synthesis of Antimicrobial Compounds and Disease Resistance in Oats Sam T. Mugford, Xiaoquan Qi, Saleha Bakht, Lionel Hill, Eva Wegel, Richard K. Hughes, Kalliopi Papadopoulou, Rachel Melton, Mark Philo, Frank Sainsbury, George P. Lomonossoff, Abhijeet Deb Roy, Rebecca J.M. Goss, and Anne Osbourn Plant Cell 2009 21: 2473-2484. First Published on August 14, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.109.065870 This work presents the cloning of the Saponin-deficient 7 (Sad7) locus from diploid oat (Avena strigosa) and shows that Sad7 encodes a member of a monocot-specific family of Ser carboxypeptidase-like (SCPL) proteins. SAD7/SCPL1 is shown to be an acyltransferase required for synthesis of avenacins, a family of antimicrobial triterpene glycosides that confer broad-spectrum disease resistance. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE

Control of Nuclear and Nucleolar Localization of Nuclear Inclusion Protein a of Picorna-Like Potato virus A in Nicotiana Species

Minna-Liisa Rajamäki and Jari P.T. Valkonen

Plant Cell 2009 21: 2485-2502. First Published on August 21, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.108.064147

Two regions of the nuclear inclusion protein a (NIa) of picorna-like Potato virus A were found to control localization of the protein to the nucleus, nucleolus, and/or Cajal bodies and play a role in viral infectivity and interference with RNA silencing. Interaction of NIa with fibrillarin in the nucleolus was important for normal levels of virus accumulation.

[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]

Nuclear Pore Complex Component MOS7/Nup88 Is Required for Innate Immunity and Nuclear Accumulation of Defense Regulators in Arabidopsis

Yu Ti Cheng, Hugo Germain, Marcel Wiermer, Dongling Bi, Fang Xu, Ana V. García, Lennart Wirthmueller, Charles Després, Jane E. Parker, Yuelin Zhang, and Xin Li

Plant Cell 2009 21: 2503-2516. First Published on August 21, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.108.064519

A genetic screen for suppressors of snc1 (for suppressor of npr1-1, constitutive 1) identified modifier of snc1,7 (mos7-1), a partial loss-of-function mutation in Nup88. In mos7-1, multiple plant defense responses are impaired, including nuclear retention of snc1 and other immune regulators, thus showing MOS7-mediated regulation of nuclear export to be important in adjusting defense outputs.

[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]

The Colletotrichum orbiculare ssd1 Mutant Enhances Nicotiana benthamiana Basal Resistance by Activating a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway

Shigeyuki Tanaka, Nobuaki Ishihama, Hirofumi Yoshioka, Aurélie Huser, Richard O'Connell, Gento Tsuji, Seiji Tsuge, and Yasuyuki Kubo

Plant Cell 2009 21: 2517-2526. First Published on August 25, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.109.068023

Host infection by an ssd1 mutant of the cucumber anthracnose fungus, defective in a gene regulating cell wall composition, is restricted by basal plant defense responses. Virus-induced gene silencing and kinase phosphorylation assays are used here to show that these defense responses are mediated via the SIPK/WIPK MAP kinase pathway.

[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]

ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3-LIKE1 Repress SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT2 Expression to Negatively Regulate Plant Innate Immunity in Arabidopsis Huamin Chen, Li Xue, Satya Chintamanani, Hugo Germain, Huiqiong Lin, Haitao Cui, Run Cai, Jianru Zuo, Xiaoyan Tang, Xin Li, Hongwei Guo, and Jian-Min Zhou Plant Cell 2009 21: 2527-2540. First Published on August 28, 2009; doi:10.1105/tpc.108.065193 Biosynthesis of the defense hormone salicylate is tightly regulated in plants. This study shows that ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3-LIKE1, two transcription factors known to regulate ethylene signaling, repress salicylate biosynthesis via direct binding to the promoter of SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT2, which encodes a major biosynthetic enzyme for salicylate. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE

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