EDITORIAL:

Refining Our Standards

Cathie Martin

Plant Cell 2008 20: 1727. First Published on July 29, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.108.200780

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IN THIS ISSUE:

Effector Trafficking: RXLR-dEER as Extra Gear for Delivery into Plant Cells

Francine Govers and Klaas Bouwmeester

Plant Cell 2008 20: 1728-1730. First Published on July 22, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.108.062075

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IN BRIEF:

Effector XopD Suppresses Tissue Degeneration in Xanthomonas-Infected Tomato Leaves

Jennifer Mach

Plant Cell 2008 20: 1731. First Published on July 29, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.108.200710

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They All Scream for ICE1/SCRM2: Core Regulatory Units in Stomatal Development

Nancy R. Hofmann

Plant Cell 2008 20: 1732. First Published on July 22, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.108.200711

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Auxin Regulation of Late Stamen Development

Nancy A. Eckardt

Plant Cell 2008 20: 1733. First Published on July 22, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.108.200712

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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:

Towards a Systematic Validation of References in Real-Time RT-PCR

Laurent Gutierrez, Mélanie Mauriat, Jérôme Pelloux, Catherine Bellini, and Olivier Van Wuytswinkel

Plant Cell 2008 20: 1734-1735. First Published on July 29, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.108.059774

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Eleven Golden Rules of Quantitative RT-PCR

Michael K. Udvardi, Tomasz Czechowski, and Wolf-Rüdiger Scheible

Plant Cell 2008 20: 1736-1737. First Published on July 29, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.108.061143

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REVIEW ARTICLES:

The Evolving Complexity of the Auxin Pathway

Steffen Lau, Gerd Jürgens, and Ive De Smet

Plant Cell 2008 20: 1738-1746. First Published on July 22, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.108.060418

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RESEARCH ARTICLES:

Calmodulin7 Plays an Important Role as Transcriptional Regulator in Arabidopsis Seedling Development

Ritu Kushwaha, Aparna Singh, and Sudip Chattopadhyay

Plant Cell 2008 20: 1747-1759. First Published on July 11, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.107.057612

Calmodulin (CaM) plays multiple regulatory roles in eukaryotes. This study examines the transcriptional regulatory role of CAM7 in early seedling development in plants and further explores the concerted function of CAM7 and HY5 in the regulation of photomorphogenic growth and light-regulated gene expression.

[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]

Auxin Regulates Arabidopsis Anther Dehiscence, Pollen Maturation, and Filament Elongation

Valentina Cecchetti, Maria Maddalena Altamura, Giuseppina Falasca, Paolo Costantino, and Maura Cardarelli

Plant Cell 2008 20: 1760-1774. First Published on July 15, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.107.057570

This work shows that auxin regulates late development processes in stamens, coordinating anther dehiscence and pollen maturation and independently triggering filament elongation. In addition, auxin, which is mainly synthesized in the anthers by YUC proteins before the inception of late processes, is perceived by the TIR1 AFB receptors when late processes begin.

[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]

SCREAM/ICE1 and SCREAM2 Specify Three Cell-State Transitional Steps Leading to Arabidopsis Stomatal Differentiation Masahiro M. Kanaoka, Lynn Jo Pillitteri, Hiroaki Fujii, Yuki Yoshida, Naomi L. Bogenschutz, Junji Takabayashi, Jian-Kang Zhu, and Keiko U. Torii Plant Cell 2008 20: 1775-1785. First Published on July 18, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.108.060848 Stomata are formed through a series of events: initiation, proliferation, and terminal differentiation. This work identifies the upstream regulator of the cold-induced transcriptome as the core component of stomatal differentiation and suggests a model strikingly similar to cell-type differentiation in animals. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE

Mutations in SUPPRESSOR OF VARIEGATION1, a Factor Required for Normal Chloroplast Translation, Suppress var2-Mediated Leaf Variegation in Arabidopsis

Fei Yu, Xiayan Liu, Muath Alsheikh, Sungsoon Park, and Steve Rodermel

Plant Cell 2008 20: 1786-1804. First Published on July 3, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.107.054965

The Arabidopsis var2 variegation mutant has green-and white-sectored leaves due to lack of VAR2, a chloroplast FtsH metalloprotease. Variegation can be suppressed in var2 by impaired chloroplast translation caused by lesions in SVR1 and SVR2, nuclear genes that encode a chloroplast pseudouridine synthase and the ClpR1 subunit of the chloroplast Clp protease, respectively.

[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]

The EPIP Peptide of INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION Is Sufficient to Induce Abscission in Arabidopsis through the Receptor-Like Kinases HAESA and HAESA-LIKE2 Grethe-Elisabeth Stenvik, Nora M. Tandstad, Yongfeng Guo, Chun-Lin Shi, Wenche Kristiansen, Asbjørn Holmgren, Steven E. Clark, Reidunn B. Aalen, and Melinka A. Butenko Plant Cell 2008 20: 1805-1817. First Published on July 25, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.108.059139 Cell separation allows plants to shed entire organs. In Arabidopsis, the IDA gene is required for abscission of floral organs (e.g., petals). A peptide present in IDA and related IDA-LIKE (IDL) proteins is sufficient for IDA function. Genetic evidence suggests that IDA and IDL proteins are ligands that act through membrane-bound receptors to control cell separation events during plant development. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE

Arabidopsis 10-Formyl Tetrahydrofolate Deformylases Are Essential for Photorespiration Eva Collakova, Aymeric Goyer, Valeria Naponelli, Inga Krassovskaya, Jesse F. Gregory, III, Andrew D. Hanson, and Yair Shachar-Hill Plant Cell 2008 20: 1818-1832. First Published on July 15, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.108.058701 This work demonstrates the importance of mitochondrial 10-formyl tetrahydrofolate (THF) deformylase and bifunctional 5,10-methylene THF dehydrogenase/5,10-methenyl THF cyclohydrolase in photorespiration. A model showing the involvement of these folate interconversion enzymes in photorespiration is proposed. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE

Mutation of the Plastidial -Glucan Phosphorylase Gene in Rice Affects the Synthesis and Structure of Starch in the Endosperm

Hikaru Satoh, Kensuke Shibahara, Takashi Tokunaga, Aiko Nishi, Mikako Tasaki, Seon-Kap Hwang, Thomas W. Okita, Nanae Kaneko, Naoko Fujita, Mayumi Yoshida, Yuko Hosaka, Aya Sato, Yoshinori Utsumi, Takashi Ohdan, and Yasunori Nakamura

Plant Cell 2008 20: 1833-1849. First Published on July 11, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.107.054007

This study identifies rice plants with mutations in the plastidial phosphorylase (Pho1) gene. The reduced starch content and altered amylopectin structure found in the endosperm of these mutants suggests that Pho1 is a key player in starch biosynthesis in the endosperm of rice.

[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]

Badh2, Encoding Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Inhibits the Biosynthesis of 2-Acetyl-1-Pyrroline, a Major Component in Rice Fragrance

Saihua Chen, Yi Yang, Weiwei Shi, Qing Ji, Fei He, Ziding Zhang, Zhukuan Cheng, Xiangnong Liu, and Mingliang Xu

Plant Cell 2008 20: 1850-1861. First Published on July 3, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.108.058917

2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) is a potent flavor component that gives fragrant rice varieties a distinctive flavor. This study shows that a functional Badh2 allele present in nonfragrant rice varieties encodes an enzyme that inhibits 2AP synthesis by exhausting its precursor, whereas null badh2 alleles, found in fragrant rice varieties, result in 2AP accumulation due to a lack of active BADH2 enzyme.

[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]

Sphingolipid Long-Chain Base Hydroxylation Is Important for Growth and Regulation of Sphingolipid Content and Composition in Arabidopsis

Ming Chen, Jonathan E. Markham, Charles R. Dietrich, Jan G. Jaworski, and Edgar B. Cahoon

Plant Cell 2008 20: 1862-1878. First Published on July 8, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.107.057851

Sphingolipids are essential components of endomembranes and regulators of programmed cell death. This work shows that loss of the C-4 hydroxyl group of sphingolipid long-chain bases (LCBs) in Arabidopsis severely reduces plant growth and increases the content of sphingolipids, primarily with C16 fatty acids. Thus, LCB hydroxylation is important in mediating growth and sphingolipid metabolism.

[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]

Dolichol Biosynthesis and Its Effects on the Unfolded Protein Response and Abiotic Stress Resistance in Arabidopsis Hairong Zhang, Kiyoshi Ohyama, Julie Boudet, Zhizhong Chen, Jilai Yang, Min Zhang, Toshiya Muranaka, Christophe Maurel, Jian-Kang Zhu, and Zhizhong Gong Plant Cell 2008 20: 1879-1898. First Published on July 8, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.108.061150 This work describes the isolation and biochemical characterization of the leaf wilting1 (lew1) gene that is responsible for the biosynthesis of dolichols in Arabidopsis. Genetic, molecular, and physiological analyses of the glycosylation defective lew1 mutant show that drought stress signaling converges with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) signaling to regulate ER/UPR (unfolded protein response) and osmotic stress responses. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE

Arabidopsis PUB22 and PUB23 Are Homologous U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligases That Play Combinatory Roles in Response to Drought Stress

Seok Keun Cho, Moon Young Ryu, Charlotte Song, June M. Kwak, and Woo Taek Kim

Plant Cell 2008 20: 1899-1914. First Published on July 29, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.108.060699

Arabidopsis PUB22 and PUB23 encode U-box–containing E3 ubiquitin ligases that are coordinately induced by abiotic stress and interact with a proteasomal subunit. Loss-of-function mutants show increased tolerance to drought stress, while overexpression increases drought sensitivity. This indicates that PUB22 and PUB23 act coordinately to negatively regulate a drought stress signaling pathway.

[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]

XopD SUMO Protease Affects Host Transcription, Promotes Pathogen Growth, and Delays Symptom Development in Xanthomonas-Infected Tomato Leaves Jung-Gun Kim, Kyle W. Taylor, Andrew Hotson, Mark Keegan, Eric A. Schmelz, and Mary Beth Mudgett Plant Cell 2008 20: 1915-1929. First Published on July 29, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.108.058529 This work shows that the XopD T3S effector promotes pathogen multiplication in a susceptible host and suppresses the development of chlorosis and necrosis in diseased tissue. Biochemical analysis reveals that XopD possesses DNA binding and transcriptional repressor activity, in addition to SUMO protease activity, indicating that all three activities are required for XopD virulence. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE

RXLR-Mediated Entry of Phytophthora sojae Effector Avr1b into Soybean Cells Does Not Require Pathogen-Encoded Machinery

Daolong Dou, Shiv D. Kale, Xia Wang, Rays H.Y. Jiang, Nathan A. Bruce, Felipe D. Arredondo, Xuemin Zhang, and Brett M. Tyler

Plant Cell 2008 20: 1930-1947. First Published on July 11, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.107.056093

In this study, the authors show that N-terminal RXLR and dEER motifs, together with flanking sequences, are necessary and sufficient to translocate oomycete effector proteins into host plant cells across the plasma cell membrane. Translocation occurs with purified proteins, indicating that no other pathogen machinery is required.

[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]

The Cladosporium fulvum Virulence Protein Avr2 Inhibits Host Proteases Required for Basal Defense H. Peter van Esse, John W. van't Klooster, Melvin D. Bolton, Koste A. Yadeta, Peter van Baarlen, Sjef Boeren, Jacques Vervoort, Pierre J.G.M. de Wit, and Bart P.H.J. Thomma Plant Cell 2008 20: 1948-1963. First Published on July 25, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.108.059394 The fungus Cladosporium fulvum secretes the effector protein Avr2 during infection of tomato. This work shows that Avr2 interacts with several extracellular Cys proteases in tomato and Arabidopsis. Avr2 expression causes enhanced susceptibility towards several pathogens in both plant species, and, with RNAi-mediated gene silencing in C. fulvum, it is shown that Avr2 is a genuine virulence factor. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE

Tomato Protein Kinase 1b Mediates Signaling of Plant Responses to Necrotrophic Fungi and Insect Herbivory

Synan AbuQamar, Mao-Feng Chai, Hongli Luo, Fengming Song, and Tesfaye Mengiste

Plant Cell 2008 20: 1964-1983. First Published on July 3, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.108.059477

Tomato Protein Kinase 1b (TPK1b) regulates ethylene-mediated defense against pathogens and insect pests. TPK1b RNA interference plants show increased susceptibility to Botrytis infection and insect feeding and are impaired in ethylene responses. These impaired responses correlate with reduced expression of proteinase inhibitor II in response to Botrytis and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid.

[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]

Induced Plant Defenses in the Natural Environment: Nicotiana attenuata WRKY3 and WRKY6 Coordinate Responses to Herbivory

Melanie Skibbe, Nan Qu, Ivan Galis, and Ian T. Baldwin

Plant Cell 2008 20: 1984-2000. First Published on July 18, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.108.058594

WRKY transcription factors regulate plant responses to stress. This work describes two WRKY genes from Nicotiana attenuata that regulate jasmonate (JA) accumulation in response to wounding and herbivore-specific elicitors and JA-mediated defenses against herbivores in 3 years of fieldwork with plants silenced in WRKY expression in the plant's native habitat in the Great Basin Desert.

[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]

CORRECTIONS:

Correction

Plant Cell 2008 20: 2001. First Published on July 29, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.108.200760

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