RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Direct and Indirect Visualization of Bacterial Effector Delivery into Diverse Plant Cell Types during Infection
JF The Plant Cell
JO Plant Cell
FD American Society of Plant Biologists
SP 1555
OP 1570
DO 10.1105/tpc.17.00027
VO 29
IS 7
A1 Henry, Elizabeth
A1 Toruño, Tania Y.
A1 Jauneau, Alain
A1 Deslandes, Laurent
A1 Coaker, Gitta
YR 2017
UL http://www.plantcell.org/content/29/7/1555.abstract
AB To cause disease, diverse pathogens deliver effector proteins into host cells. Pathogen effectors can inhibit defense responses, alter host physiology, and represent important cellular probes to investigate plant biology. However, effector function and localization have primarily been investigated after overexpression in planta. Visualizing effector delivery during infection is challenging due to the plant cell wall, autofluorescence, and low effector abundance. Here, we used a GFP strand system to directly visualize bacterial effectors delivered into plant cells through the type III secretion system. GFP is a beta barrel that can be divided into 11 strands. We generated transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing GFP1-10 (strands 1 to 10). Multiple bacterial effectors tagged with the complementary strand 11 epitope retained their biological function in Arabidopsis and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Infection of plants expressing GFP1-10 with bacteria delivering GFP11-tagged effectors enabled direct effector detection in planta. We investigated the temporal and spatial delivery of GFP11-tagged effectors during infection with the foliar pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and the vascular pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Thus, the GFP strand system can be broadly used to investigate effector biology in planta.GlossaryTTSSType III secretion systemNLRnucleotide binding leucine-rich repeatETIeffector-triggered immunityHRhypersensitive responseEVempty vectorhpihours postinoculationCSPcell-specific promoterCFUcolony-forming units